Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Cui, Wen
Jiang, Shimin
Yu, Tianyu
Yang, Zhenkun
Zhou, Jiahui
Liu, Lin
Li, Wenge
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82300815)
National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2025-NHLHCRF-JBGS-A-WZ-05))
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2025YFF0521503)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 28 January 2026
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval for the CHARLS dataset was granted by the Peking University Institutional Review Board (No. IRB00001052-11015), ensuring the protocol aligned with the Declaration of Helsinki mandates. Every subject in this primary cohort signed a written consent form. The NHANES study protocols were approved by the Research Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. Separately, the Clinical Research Ethics Committee at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital authorized the retrospective validation arm (No. 2024-KY-129-1). Given that this secondary analysis utilized anonymized data, the committee exempted the need for individual patient consent. Furthermore, this manuscript was prepared in strict compliance with the STROBE checklist for observational epidemiology.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
