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Authors
Zhao, Shuangmei
Wang, Qianqian
Li, Xingyu
Ma, Shiyin
Jiao, Chucheng
Wang, Guangdong
Cao, Huihui
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Article History
Received: 8 March 2026
Accepted: 29 April 2026
First Online: 17 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration. The utilization of the MIMIC-IV database obtained approval from the review committee of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Since the data is publicly accessible within the MIMIC-IV database, the ethical approval statement and the need for informed consent were exempted for this particular study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
