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Predictive value of the combined cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, glucose and frailty indices for cardiometabolic multimorbidity incidence: evidence from a national prospective cohort study

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-026-03213-0

Published Online: 2026-05-17

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Fan, Huanqiong

Jiang, Guosong

Cheng, Jun

Chen, Hengfa
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

This study was funded by PSM Guangdong Pharmaceutical Science Popularization Research Fund (XianSheng Fund) in 2024 (2024KP29)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-05-17

Version of Record valid from 2026-07-09
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Article History

Received: 2 March 2026

Accepted: 29 April 2026

First Online: 17 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study used DE-identified data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Original ethics approval for the CHARLS cohort was granted by the Peking University Institutional Review Board (IRB00001052-11015), and all participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment. Approval for the secondary analysis of de-identified CHARLS data was granted by the South China Normal University Institutional Review Board (SCNU-SAI-2026-008). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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