Document is current

Article History

Received: 29 December 2025

Accepted: 10 May 2026

First Online: 28 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was reviewed by the ethics committee of Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf and received a favorable vote (Study-ID: 2025–3213). This means that the committee has no ethical objections to conducting the study and considers it to be permissible.Data from the Health Data Lab do not require individual consent to participate because they are provided in a fully anonymized form. Personal identifiers are removed or replaced to prevent patient re-identification, ensuring compliance with data protection regulations such as the GDNG (German Health Data Usage Act).

: The results will be published in scientific journals (final results after project completion, open access journals) and presented at specialist conferences. In addition, the results will be disseminated in an appropriate form via public media to citizens, patient representatives, and their associations. Press releases and short reports will also be published in communication journals of professional groups/institutions involved in healthcare.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.