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Authors
Fu, Zhi-Qing
An, Li
Zhang, Wei
Lyu, Yue
Li, Shan
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Article History
Received: 29 March 2026
Accepted: 22 May 2026
First Online: 8 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The CHARLS protocol was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Peking University (IRB: 00001052–11015). All participants provided written informed consent. This study strictly adhered to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
