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Head-to-head comparison of fasting-insulin-based versus non-insulin-based insulin resistance surrogates for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive adults across the glycemic continuum: a prospective cohort study

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-026-03244-7

Published Online: 2026-06-15

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Abdu, Fuad A.

Mohammed, Abdul-Quddus

Zhang, Wen

Alifu, Jiasuer

Liu, Lu

Yin, Guoqing

Liao, Yiteng

Zhu, Guofu

Che, Wenliang
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-06-15

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-06-15
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Article History

Received: 1 April 2026

Accepted: 26 May 2026

First Online: 15 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The NCHS Research Ethics Review Board approved all NHANES protocols. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. This analysis of de-identified, publicly available data required no additional institutional review.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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