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Authors
Zhang, Yuting
Sun, Tao
Xue, Qingyuan
Liu, Bei
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Article History
Received: 19 February 2026
Accepted: 26 June 2026
First Online: 5 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The CHARLS study received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015) and was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent prior to their involvement in the CHARLS study. This research adhered to the STROBE guidelines for reporting observational studies in epidemiology.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
