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Authors
Wang, Han
Song, Guirong
Li, Guorong
Hu, Dongmei
Zhang, Ying
Sun, Zhuowei
Zhai, Chenxi
Zhang, Dongyong
Tang, Xiao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1941-9437
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Youth Talent Cultivation Fund Project of Dalian Medical University (xqnky202505)
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Article History
Received: 15 May 2026
Accepted: 8 July 2026
First Online: 17 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The CHARLS study received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015) and was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent prior to their involvement in the CHARLS study. This research adhered to the STROBE guidelines for reporting observational studies in epidemiology.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
