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Authors
Yang, Bingqing Bianca
Zhu, Yihan
Xu, Yadan
Huang, Yanqiu
Feng, Gong
Wong, David Ka Ki
Xie, Weidun
Shi, Qiman
Ning, Bin
Jia, Meixue
Tu, Karen
Wang, Hui
Zhou, Jiandong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-9033
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Article History
Received: 30 June 2026
Accepted: 25 August 2026
First Online: 23 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The UK Biobank study protocol was approved by the North-West Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee (reference: 21/NW/0157) and all participants provided written informed consent. The CHARLS study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015), and all participants provided written informed consent.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
