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Authors
Wang, Yan
Song, Yu
Song, Xianqin
Zhang, Nanyang
Fang, Kehua
Chang, Xiaotian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Huanghai University Scientific Research Foundation
The Shandong Provincial Key R&D Program (2023CXPT040)
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Article History
Received: 8 August 2025
Accepted: 9 December 2025
First Online: 13 January 2026
Declarations
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: Every animal was handled in compliance with the Helsinki Convention on Animal Protection and housed in specific pathogen-free conditions. The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University’s Ethics Committee approved our study (approval number: QYFY WZLL 26622). At the end of the experiment, the mice were euthanized with an overdose (150 mg/kg) of pentobarbital sodium (Sigma-Aldrich, China). All experimental methods were performed in accordance with the Chinese Regulations for the Protection and Use of Animals. Tumor samples were immediately snap-frozen and stored at -80℃, and the specimen collection was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the hospital
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
