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Authors
Li, Guandu
Zhuge, Yiduo
Xu, Xinrui
Wang, Jianhua
Zheng, Zunwen
Che, Xiangyu
Zheng, Xu
Qi, Xiaochen
Wu, Guangzhen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Youth Seedling Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (No. LJ2020049)
2025 Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Plan Joint Project (No.5021342)
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Article History
Received: 20 May 2025
Accepted: 25 December 2025
First Online: 10 January 2026
Declarations
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: The ethical review for both parts of the experiments in this study has been approved. The collection and use of tumor tissue and adjacent tissue samples have been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Dalian Medical University, with the approval number (PJ-KS-KY-2025-824). All patients were fully informed of the research purpose, sample usage, and potential risks before the surgery, and voluntarily signed the “Informed Consent Form”. The names, medical record numbers, and other information of the patients were anonymized during the experiment, and privacy was strictly protected. The breeding of Balb/c mice used in the experiment, as well as the modeling and related operations, have been approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Dalian Medical University, with the approval number (AEE24288). The entire experimental process strictly followed the “Guidelines for Ethical Review of Animal Welfare in Experiments” and the national “Regulations on Experimental Animals”, ensuring that the mouse breeding environment met the SPF standard, and minimizing animal suffering during the operation, in line with animal ethics requirements. The overall research design and implementation followed the “Helsinki Declaration” of the World Medical Association, as well as the regulations and guidelines of China’s “Regulations on Human Genetic Resources Management”, balancing scientificity and ethics. The RNA-seq and clinical information of patients with renal cell carcinoma used in the previous experimental study were derived from the public database TCGA.
: Participants were explicitly informed during the consent process that study results may be published in scientific journals or presented at conferences. Any information disclosed in publications will be anonymized to protect the participants’ identities. This consent for publication ensures transparency and aligns with ethical standards.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
