Ding, Shanshan
Dong, Xiaohan
Zhou, Weicheng
Xing, Jialiang
Ye, Xiaoyu
Song, Xingguo
Funding for this research was provided by:
ollaborative Academic Innovation Project of Shandong Cancer Hospital (TS-010)
Taishan Youth Scholar Program of Shandong Province (tsqn202312366)
Shandong Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development Joint Fund (ZR2023LZL011)
Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Project (M2023-013)
Article History
Received: 8 October 2025
Accepted: 20 February 2026
First Online: 28 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences and conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. Informed consent was formally waived due to the irreversibly anonymized nature of the retrospective data analysis, and all patient information was kept confidential.
: The authors declare no competing interests.