Limwagu, Alex J.
Kaindoa, Emmanuel W.
Ngowo, Halfan S.
Hape, Emmanuel
Finda, Marceline
Mkandawile, Gustav
Kihonda, Japhet
Kifungo, Khamis
Njalambaha, Rukiyah M.
Matoke-Muhia, Damaris
Okumu, Fredros O.
Funding for this research was provided by:
The World Health Organization’s Tropical Disease Research (2015/590235-0)
Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine (WT102350/Z/13)
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) – Gates International Research Scholar (OPP1175877)
Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (Grant No--B 8606.R02)
Article History
Received: 12 May 2019
Accepted: 13 August 2019
First Online: 22 August 2019
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: Written and signed consent was obtained from each household head in order to enroll his/her house on the study and access their private land. All volunteers were provided with consent forms to fill before the study began. Consent forms were translated to local language (Kiswahili). Ethical approval for the study was obtained from Ifakara Health Institute Institutional Review Board (IHI/IRB/No: 35-2015) and from the Medical Research Coordinating Committee (MRCC) at the National Institutes of Medical Research (NIMR), Ref: NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/2162). Permission to publish this work was also obtained from NIMR (Ref: NIMR/HQ/P.12 VOL XXVII/38). The research team conducted meetings with local government administration officers and village leaders before the study was initiated in all villages. In these meetings, the objectives of the study, methods and duration were discussed and study staffs were introduced to the public.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.