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Article History

Received: 28 May 2019

Accepted: 7 September 2019

First Online: 14 September 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The study was approved by the ethics committees of the University of Heidelberg under the certificate number S-438/2013 and additionally presented to and granted by the national ethics board of Burkina Faso in Ouagadougou and the local ethics committee at the research site in Nouna. We collected aggregated collective informed consent for the spraying activities for each village. The population was gathered by the local village chiefs and the project, its goals and involved activities were explained in local language. Afterwards public discussions were held with the opportunity to ask questions or express concern. Community sensitization and information were performed during the two intervention years and additionally via the local radio station.

: There are no case presentations that require disclosure of respondents’ confidential data/information in this study.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.