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Article History

Received: 3 June 2019

Accepted: 15 November 2020

First Online: 23 November 2020

Availability of data and material

: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available upon request from the Demographic Health Survey Programme Team. The request can be made via the link .

: Permission to use the dataset from The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program, through the archiving office. The original study obtained ethical clearance from Malawi’s National Health Sciences Research Committee (NHSRC). All participants provided oral informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interest.