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Authors
Challe, Daniel P.
Francis, Filbert
Seth, Misago D.
Tupa, Juma B.
Madebe, Rashid A.
Mandara, Celine I.
Kigadye, Emmanuel S.
Makene, Vedastus W.
Ishengoma, Deus S.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (002202)
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Article History
Received: 28 January 2025
Accepted: 6 August 2025
First Online: 1 October 2025
Declarations
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: The ethical approval to conduct this study was obtained from the Medical Research Coordinating Committee (MRCC) of NIMR in Tanzania. Permission to conduct the study in the villages was provided by the President’s Office, Regional Administration and Local Government Authority (PO-RALG), and health authorities of Tanga region, Muheza district, and village authorities. Informed consent/assent was sought and obtained before conducting the study from each participant or parents/legal guardians of children. Permission to publish this paper was sought and given by the Director General of NIMR.
: Not applicable.
: All authors declare that they have no competing interests.
