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Authors
Lindblade, Kim A.
Ngufor, Corine
Yavo, William
Atobatele, Sunday
Mpimbaza, Arthur
Ssewante, Nelson
Akpiroroh, Ese
Konaté-Toure, Abibatou
Ahogni, Idelphonse
Kpemasse, Augustin
Tanoh, Antoine Mea
Ntadom, Godwin
Opigo, Jimmy
Zobrist, Stephanie
Griffith, Kevin
Humes, Michael
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Agency for International Development (No. 7200AA20CA00031)
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (INV - 043942)
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Article History
Received: 12 May 2025
Accepted: 15 August 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from: the Comité National d’Ethique pour la Recherche en Santé (Benin); the Comité National d’Ethique des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé (Côte d’Ivoire); the National Health Research Ethics Committee (Nigeria); the Oyo State Health Research Ethics Committee (Nigeria); the Sokoto State Health Research Ethics Committee (Nigeria); the Uganda National Council on Science and Technology (Uganda); the Vector Control Division Research and Ethics Committee (Uganda); and the WGC IRB in the USA. All participants provided written, informed consent to participate.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Audere, a nonprofit organization, had no involvement in the analysis or interpretation of the data or the conclusions presented in this study.
