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Authors
Casella, Albert
Bride, Michael
Hunter, Gabrielle C.
Toso, Michael
Awantang, Grace N.
Koffi, Alain K.
Hughes, Jayme
Bleu, Thérèse
Olapeju, Bolanle
Dosso, Abdul
Mpata, Florence
Mukomena, Eric Sompwe
Babalola, Stella
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Agency for International Development (AID-OAA-A-17-00017)
President's Malaria Initiative (AID-OAA-A-17-00017)
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Article History
Received: 6 June 2025
Accepted: 24 August 2025
First Online: 25 September 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for each survey was obtained from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Institutional Review Board, as well as the authorities in each respective country prior to data collection: the National Ethics and Research Committee in Côte d’Ivoire, the University of Kinshasa School of Public Health Ethics Committee in DRC, and the National Committee for Health Research and Ethics, the National Institute of Statistics, and the Directorate of Research of the Ministry of Health in Benin. Trained interviewers obtained informed consent from all participants prior to the interviews. For unmarried female participants under the age of 18, parental permission and participant assent was attained. Interviewers read a written informed consent script to each respondent to obtain informed consent prior to starting the interview. Respondents’ confidentiality was protected in part because no personal identifiers were collected in the data collection tool. Access to completed questionnaires was limited to only research staff.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
