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Authors
Baykemagn, Nebebe Demis
Tafere, Tesfahun Zemene
Teshale, Getachew
Aschalew, Andualem Yalew
Jejaw, Melak
Demissie, Kaleb Assegid
Tadele, Azmeraw
Hagos, Asebe
Tiruneh, Misganaw Guadie
Kelkay, Jenberu Mekurianew
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Article History
Received: 8 May 2025
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study utilized publicly available and fully de-identified Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data, which can be accessed upon request through the DHS Program website (). As no personal identifiers were included, and ethical approval was obtained by the institutions conducting the original surveys, additional ethical clearance was not required. All analyses adhered to DHS data use policies, and strict measures were taken to maintain data anonymity and confidentiality.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
