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Authors
Ansah, Richard Kwame https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6551-4817
Tackie, Sampson
Asosega, Killian Asampana
Tawiah, Kassim
Danquah, Baaba Abassawah
Appiah, Sampson Takyi
Twum, Rhodaline Abena
Omane-Adjepong, Maurice
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Article History
Received: 21 November 2024
Accepted: 9 October 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study is based on publicly available, de-identified secondary data obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program. Ethical approval for the original data collection was obtained by the institutions responsible for the surveys. As this study involved analysis of secondary data without any identifiable human subjects, no further ethical approval was required.
: Not applicable. The study used secondary data, and no direct involvement of human participants occurred during the analysis.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
