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Authors
Wan, Christine
Katsabola, Hillary
Sixpence, Alick
Mangani, Charles
Matengeni, Alfred
Taylor, Terrie E.
Wilson, Mark L.
Valim, Clarissa
Mathanga, Don P.
Laufer, Miriam K.
Cohee, Lauren M.
Buchwald, Andrea G.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Maryland, Baltimore (Program for Research Initiated by Students and Mentors (PRISM))
National Institutes of Health (U19AI181588)
National Institutes of Health (K01MH134741)
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Article History
Received: 21 June 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the by the National Health Science Review Committee in Malawi and the Institutional Review Boards (IRB) at Michigan State University and the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Written informed consent was obtained from all adult participants and from parents or guardians of minors prior to enrollment. Assent was also obtained from children as appropriate.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
