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Authors
Amugongo, Jael Sagina
LaBeaud, A. D.
Bosire, Carren
Bisanzio, Donal
Nzaro, M.
Ngari, Moses
Vu, D. M.
Ndenga, Bryson A.
Mutuku, Francis M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (NIH R01AI102918 (ADL))
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Article History
Received: 3 February 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval and oversight for overall data collection for both the main study and sub-study were obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Stanford University (IRB 31488), as well as the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI SSC 2611). This study used de-identified, geolocated household level demographic, environmental and ecological data collected via paper forms. Written, informed consent was obtained from relevant individuals in the households (heads of households) for each household included in the study at the beginning of the data-collection period. Where appropriate, child assent was also obtained.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
