Atobatele, Sunday
Mpimbaza, Arthur
Ngufor, Corine
Yavo, William
Konate-Toure, Abibatou
Ahogni, Idelphonse
Ssewante, Nelson
Orya, Evelyn
Akpiroroh, Ese
Okoro, Onyebuchi
Agaba, Bosco
Kpemasse, Augustin
Agnon, Jacques
Tanoh, Antoine Mea
Affoukou, Cyriaque
Opigo, Jimmy
Ntadom, Godwin
Okagbue, Hilary
Eugene, Eugene C.
Aponte, John J.
Hilton, Emily
Galles, Natalie
Soebiyanto, Radina
Cooper, Shawna
Okoronkwo, Chukwu
Humes, Michael
Griffith, Kevin
Lindblade, Kim A.
Sampson, Sidney
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-043942)
United States Agency for International Development (No.7200AA20CA00031)
Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval was obtained from: the Comité National d’Ethique pour la Recherche en Santé (Benin); the Comité National d’Ethique des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé (Côte d’Ivoire); the National Health Research Ethics Committee (Nigeria); the Oyo State Health Research Ethics Committee (Nigeria); the Sokoto State Health Research Ethics Committee (Nigeria); the Uganda National Council on Science and Technology (Uganda); the Vector Control Division Research and Ethics Committee (Uganda); and the WGC IRB in the USA. All participants provided written, informed consent to participate.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.