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Authors
Htwe, Khaing Zin Zin
Aung, Pyae Linn
Sripoorote, Piyarat
Soe, Myat Thu
Petchvijit, Pattamaporn
Aung, Poh Poh
Khamsiriwatchara, Amnat
Lawpoolsri, Saranath
Cui, Liwang
Parker, Daniel M.
Kyaw, Myat Phone
Sattabongkot, Jetsumon
Kaewkungwal, Jaranit
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U19AI089672, U19AI181583, and D43 TW011509, U19AI089672, U19AI181583)
Mahidol University
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Article History
Received: 14 August 2025
Accepted: 9 November 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee for Human Research, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (MUTM 2017–078-08), and the Institutional Review Board of Department of Medical Research, Myanmar (Ethics/DMR/2017/077AE/2018E/2019E/2020). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before their interviews. For participants under the age of 18, consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
