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Authors
Ismail, Mubarak
Mukhtar, Alameen
Odetokun, Ismail Ayoade
Ibrahim, Mohammed Auwal
Salman, Abdulmalik Abdullahi
Bawa-Sani, Hafsatu Garba
Nass, Shafique Sani
Goni, Baba Waru
Nuhu, Abdulkadir
Zhang, Xiaoying
Usman, Aminu
Isah, Murtala Bindawa
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND) Nigeria (NRF-SETI-HSW-00466)
Shaanxi International Cooperation Demonstration Base for Science and Technology (2022GHJD-06)
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Article History
Received: 7 June 2025
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
