Machani, Maxwell G.
Sunkara, Anoop
Awandu, Shehu S.
Ombok, Maurice
Ouko, Amos
Abel, Lucy
Turnbull, Lindsey B.
Rodriguez, Isabella
Kim, Joseph
Clemens, Joseph C.
Ayodo, George
Ochomo, Eric O.
John, Chandy C.
Lobo, Neil F.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Indiana CTSI and Indiana University Center for Global Health
Article History
Received: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 15 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
:
: No human subject data was collected in this study as all data evaluating human behaviour was collected without identifiers and aggregated at the household level. Project staff explained the study and received appropriate informed consent from participating households/individuals before any data collection. All individuals had the ability to remove themselves from the study at any point. Institutional review board (IRB) approval was received from Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral hospital (IERC/JOOTRH/580/22).
: The authors declare no competing interests.