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Authors
Guedes, Karla S.
Fernandes, Gabriela M.
Sanchez, Bruno A. M.
Ntumngia, Francis B.
Adams, John H.
Kano, Flora S.
Fontes, Cor J. F.
de Sousa, Tais N.
Carvalho, Luzia H.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute Health , NIH (R01AI064478)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (312299/2021-4)
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Article History
Received: 4 July 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
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: The ethical and methodological procedures of this study were approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the René Rachou Institute/FIOCRUZ Minas (approval No. 4,041,859; CAAE 15632719.0.0000.5091), as well as by the Research Ethics Committee of the Júlio Muller University Hospital (approval No. 53041521.6.0000.5541). The study participants were provided with information regarding the objectives and procedures of the study, and their voluntary participation was requested and confirmed through written formal consent. In the case of child participants, written formal consent was obtained from their next of kin, caregivers, or guardians. Data were separated from personal identifiers through use of a code. All biological samples analyzed in this study were stored in the biorepository of the René Rachou Institute–FIOCRUZ Minas, under the following approved protocols: No. 07/2006, No. 07/2009, No. 12/2010, No. 26/2013, and No. 1.821.955/2016. The biorepository is curated by L. H. Carvalho and F. S. Kano. The current study was conducted according to Laboratory biosafety and biosecurity policy guidelines of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ, Ministry of Health, Brazil ( ).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
