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Authors
Ali, Ali O.
Ali, Ali M.
Mwema, Mwema Felix
Mlacha, Yeromin P.
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Article History
Received: 12 September 2025
Accepted: 22 November 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was ethically approved by the Ifakara Health Institute Review Board (IHI-IRB) under reference number IHI/IRB/No: 33–2023, confirming adherence to ethical research standards. Additional clearance for secondary analysis of MCN surveillance data was obtained from the Zanzibar Health Research Institute (ZAHRI) under reference number ZAHREC/05/ST/OCT/2023/168.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
