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Authors
Shifraw, Tigest
Abdelmenan, Semira
Zewde, Ayele
Worku, Alemayehu
Abera, Adugna
Mohammed, Hussein
Etana, Kebede
Keating, Joseph
Chibsa, Sheleme
Girma, Samuel
Teka, Hiwot
Mumba, Peter
Murphy, Matthew
Karmarkar, Ellora
Price, Ric N.
Hwang, Jimee
Berhane, Yemane
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. President's Malaria Initiative
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Article History
Received: 20 June 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study obtained ethical approval from the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (#7151) institutional review boards. Before initiation of the study, all study participants were informed about the purpose and their right to refuse or withdraw at any time without compromising the standard care they would receive from the health facility. They were also informed about the intended use of the results for scientific publications and reports. Written consent and assent (where applicable) were obtained from each participant and parent/guardian for minors (age < 18 years).
: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the United States Agency for International Development, or the U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
