Sylla, Daman
Hume, Jen C. C.
Goodman, Heather
Sacko, Adama
Kwan, Jennifer L.
Fofana, Abdrahamane
Maiga, Mahamadoun H. Assadou
Katile, Abdoulaye
Doucoure, M.’bouye
Kone, Mamady
Coulibaly, Boubacar
Guindo, Agnes
Diallo, Moussa
Doumbia, Mariam
Kone, Salifou M.
Zeguime, Amatigue
Goita, Sekou
Sidibe, Moridie
Sidibe, Sale
Dembele, Yacouba
Sissoko, Kourane
Djiguiba, Baba
Sankare, Seydou
Diarra, Sadio D. K.
Poudiougo, Ousmane A.
Traore, Bakary
Diarra, Yacouba
Sylla, Lakamy
Tembely, Boubacar
Traore, Amadou Sekou
Kamate, Bourama
Baber, Ibrahima
Imeru, Alemush
Higbee, Emily
Muratova, Olga
Omaswa, Freda
Wu, Yimin
Yaro, Alpha S.
Healy, Sara A.
Sagara, Issaka
Traore, Cheick S.
Doumbo, Ogobara K.
Coulibaly, Mamadou B.
Duffy, Patrick E.
Funding for this research was provided by:
European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (RIA2018SV-2311)
Division of Intramural Research of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, DHHS (ZIA-AI001056)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Article History
Received: 5 September 2025
Accepted: 5 December 2025
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
:
: All studies were submitted and approved by the Faculty of Medicine-Odonto-Stomatology (FMPOS) (2011–43, 2013–38, 2014/79, 2015/16/CE/FMPOS, 2016/133/CE/FMPOS, 2017/182/CE/FMPOS, 2019/10/CE/FMPOS, 2023/250/CE/USTTB) and the National Institute of Health (NIH) or the National Institute of Allergyand Infectious Diseases (NIAID)IRB (11-I-N143, 13-I-N109, 14-I-N159, 15-I-0044, 17-I-N006, 17-I-N180, 19-I-N086). All trials followed International Council for Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice guidelines and Malian regulations; community permission was obtained from village chiefs and elders and then individual written informed consent from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.