Abade, Nicole A.
Mgawe, Cavin
Ndwiga, Leonard
Kimenyi, Kelvin M.
Ochola‑Oyier, Lynette Isabella
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-036442)
Article History
Received: 12 September 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Written informed consent was obtained from the guardians of the study participants prior to sample collection. Ethical approval was obtained from the Kenya Medical Research Institute’s (KEMRI) Scientific Ethics and Review Unit (SERU) under protocol number 3403 for the TES study and 2617 for the malaria monitoring study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.