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Authors
Putaporntip, Chaturong
Kuamsab, Napaporn
Tia, Taweesak
Takashima, Yoshiaki
Jongwutiwes, Somchai
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ratchadapiseksompotch Fund from Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (RA68/030)
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board in Human Research of the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or, in the case of minors, from their parents or legal guardians. All procedures were conducted in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
