Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Carshon-Marsh, Ronald
Wen, Richard
Ng, Thomas Kai Sze
Kamadod, Rajeev
Bogoch, Isaac
Bondy, Susan J.
Witek, Theodore J. Jr.
Jha, Prabhat
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 10 November 2025
Accepted: 29 December 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Ethics approval (RIS Human Protocol Number: 00047427) was obtained from the Health Sciences Research Ethics Board (REB) of the University of Toronto on the 14th of November 2024. There was also REB approval from the Centre for Global Health Research, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto (Unity Health Toronto REB, Statistical Alliance for Vital Events (SAVE) under REB #15-231) covering this study. The CHAMPS network obtained institutional and national ethical approvals in all participating countries before data collection. No primary data was collected for this research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
