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Article History

Received: 7 February 2025

Accepted: 30 December 2025

First Online: 22 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study obtained ethical clearance from the College of Business and Management Sciences Research Ethics Committee (CoBAMS-REC-2022–36) and subsequently from the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST) (SS3045ES), alongside administrative clearance from relevant authorities. All data collection adhered to the World Health Organization’s ethical and safety guidelines for research. Participation was entirely voluntary, with informed consent obtained from all participants or their legal guardians, and no personal identifiers were included in the datasets to ensure confidentiality.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.