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Authors
Njotto, Lembris Laanyuni
Kulaya, Neema B.
Derua, Yahya A.
Malongo, Bernard B.
Francis, Filbert
Schiøler, Karin L.
Hansson, Helle
Wang, Christian W.
Saleh, Fatma
Baraka, Vito
Alifrangis, Michael
van der Deure, Tiem
Senyoni, Wilfred
Cronie, Ottmar
Stensgaard, Anna-Sofie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Danish International Development Agency (DFC file no. 19-02-KU)
European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant agreement No. 101000365)
Knud Højgaards Fond (Grant number: 16-11-1898 and 20-11-0483)
Chalmers University of Technology
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Article History
Received: 16 September 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 20 February 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical clearance for the study was granted by the Medical Research Coordinating Committee of the National Institute for Medical Research in Tanzania mainland (Ref: No. NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol. IX/3640), Zanzibar Health Research Committee of the Zanzibar Health Research Institute (Ref: No. 62D5352876F23) and Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Research Ethics and Review Committee (CRERC) (Ref: No. 2587).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
