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Authors
Mudenda, Twig
Simubali, Limonty
Mwaanga, Gift
Lubinda, Mukuma
Katowa, Ben
Musonda, Michael
Hamapumbu, Harry
Chibambo, Pathias
Chooli, Steward
Ali, Renee L. M. N.
Gebhardt, Mary E.
Thuma, Philip E.
Simulundu, Edgar
Moss, William J.
Saili, Kochelani
Norris, Douglas E.
Stevenson, Jennifer C.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health funded Southern and Central Africa International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research (2U19AI089680)
Bloomberg Philanthropies (T32 AI007417)
NIH T32 Training Grants (AI38953)
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Article History
Received: 12 October 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol and informed consent forms were reviewed and approved by the Macha Research Trust Institutional Review Board (IRB approval number: E.2017.02), Johns Hopkins School of Public Health Institutional Review Board and the Zambia National Research Health Authority. Written permission to undertake the study was obtained from the Ministry of Health through the Southern province health office (PHO). Participation in the study was voluntary, and informed consent was obtained from household heads and every participant above the age of 18 years. Written consent was obtained from household heads before any mosquito collections.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
