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Authors
Adam, Jovinary
Mukuku, Olivier
Tawi, Janvier Mwemedi
Luoga, Pankras
Mutombo, Augustin Mulangu
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Article History
Received: 4 November 2025
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 9 February 2026
Declarations
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: DHS surveys are conducted in compliance with Helsinki Declaration for biomedical research and with ethical review board. The study analysed the collected data from the third Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2023–2024 (DHS-DRC III 2023–2024), which had already obtained ethical clearance from the National Institute of Statistics for data collection; hence, this study did not need additional ethical clearance. However, permission to use the data were requested from the DHS custodian USAID MEASURES.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
