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Authors
Kinda, Rene
Gansane, Adama
Traore, Tiandiogo Isidore
Kaboré, Nongodo Firmin
Debe, Siaka
Sore, Harouna
Nonkani, Wendyam Gerard
Guelbéogo, Moussa Wandaogo
Tougri, Gauthier
Tarama, Casimire Wendlamita
Ilboudo, Sonia Rouamba
Sanou, Guillaume S.
Savadogo, Léon G. Blaise
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Article History
Received: 15 October 2025
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 18 February 2026
Declarations
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: Authorization to use the DHS dataset was obtained from the Demographic and Health Surveys Program. The data are fully anonymized and were collected with prior informed consent from participants. This study involved no direct contact with participants and therefore did not require additional formal ethics approval. All analyses complied with DHS data use policies..
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
