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Authors
Malik, Elfatih Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8071-8092
El-Hassan, Hadeel Mohamed https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1897-9401
Ali, Mohamed Ahmed Abualgasim
Alsoni, Khansa Abdelmoniem Ahmed
Alnair, Nada Mohamed Ali https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3331-8887
Noureddin, Ahmed Abdulgadir https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4125-669X
Aladani, Ismail Sulieman Alshiekh
Adam, Mariam Adam Babiker https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8210-0579
Saad, Fadwa Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-9563
Elkhidir, Tawadd Abdalla https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0862-3100
Alshareif, Baha Aldeen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7353-2038
Khalafalla, Mohamed https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9313-9375
Al-Haddad, Nadine Fouad Kamal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8376-211X
Mohammed, Najwa Yahia Elhussien https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8312-0246
Eltayeb, Dalya Idris Hassan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9186-7440
Ahmed, Nada https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1363-1287
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
EMPHNET
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Article History
Received: 7 December 2025
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 14 March 2026
Declarations
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: Technical and ethical approval was obtained from the National Research Ethical Committee (REC Reference: RA003012025; date: 13.02.2025). Written, voluntary, dated, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Permission was obtained from state health authorities before conducting the survey. Data confidentiality was ensured, as no personal information or identifiers that could reveal participants' identities were collected.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
