Kahamba, Najat F.
Kifungo, Khamisi
Jumanne, Mohammed
Trujillano, Fedra
Finda, Marceline F.
Msugupakulya, Betwel
Baldini, Francesco
Nelli, Luca
Okumu, Fredros O.
Ferguson, Heather M.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill & Melinda Gates foundation (INV-002138)
Medical Research Council
African Research Leaders Award (MR/T008873/1)
Article History
Received: 8 October 2025
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Declarations
:
: Ethical approvals for this project were obtained from Ifakara Health Institute’s Institutional Review Board (Protocol ID: IHI/IRB/No: 26-2020) and the Medical Research Coordinating Committee (MRCC) at the National Institute for Medical Research (Protocol ID: NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/3495).
: The authors declare no competing interests.