Mvuama, Nono
Zanga, Josue
Sanogo, Osée Y.
Matela, Baudouin
Clark, Tiffany
Seyoum, Aklilu
Banek, Kristin
Metelo, Emery
Nsabatien, Victoire
Mafuta, Eric
Lulebo, Aimée
Bonnenfant, Yung-Ting
Humes, Michael
Ntoya, Ferdinand
Ogoma Barasa, Sheila
Mansiangi, Paul
Jouffroy, Romain
Agossa, Fiacre
Irish, Seth
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. PMI and USAID
Article History
Received: 15 November 2025
Accepted: 25 May 2026
First Online: 28 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Kinshasa School of Public Health (approval number ESP/CE/39/2021). Written informed consent was obtained from all participating households prior to data collection.
: All authors and the sponsor gave authorization for the publication of the results and data from this study in an open access journal.
: The authors declare no competing interests.