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Authors
Thein, Khin Zar Khaing
Fukuda, Naoyuki
Balikagala, Betty
Yoshida, Naoko
Kubo, Makoto
Anena, Brenda
Anywar, Denis Arony
Aginya, Emmanuel Odongo
Mita, Toshihiro
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP25K02696)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP23KK0141)
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Article History
Received: 18 March 2026
Accepted: 31 May 2026
First Online: 6 June 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (HS1395), Lacor Hospital Institutional Research Ethics Committee (Ref: LACOR-2023-186) and Juntendo University (2020127). Informed consent was obtained from adult participants (≥ 18 years) or from legal guardians of participating children. Additionally, assent was obtained from children aged 7–17 years. In case of participants who could not read and write, thumb prints were obtained along with witnesses’ signatures.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
