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Authors
Ndong, Ignatius Cheng
Chu, Chuo Ennestine
Ndang, Ndong Henry
Baah, Collins Attuah
Adu, George Asumah
Amponsah, Emily
Peprah, Nana Yaw
Malm, Keziah
Ogundahunsi, Olumide
Ahorlu, Collins Stephen
Amambua-Ngwa, Alfred
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union
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Article History
Received: 31 December 2025
Accepted: 2 June 2026
First Online: 10 June 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research Institutional Review Board (Noguchi-IRB), (005/23–24). Written or thumb-printed informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrolment. Confidentiality was maintained by anonymising transcripts and restricting access to research staff only. The study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki [ ].
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
