Gervas, Hamenyimana E.
Moshi, Irene R.
Shirima, GloriaSalome G.
Nambunga, Ismail H.
Njalambaha, Rukiyah M.
Mohamed, Sheikha S.
Nshama, Rosemary P.
Mwalimu, Charles D.
Mayengo, Maranya M.
Mlacha, Yeromin P.
Selvaraj, Prashanth
Okumu, Fredros O.
Ngowo, Halfan S.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-047049)
Article History
Received: 24 December 2025
Accepted: 3 June 2026
First Online: 8 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Ifakara Health Institute (IHI/IRB/EXT/No: 44-2024) and from the Medical Research Coordination Committee of the National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Tanzania (NIMR/HQ/R.8c/Vol.I/2937).
Consent for publication: All authors agreed to publish this manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.