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Authors
Abuaku, Benjamin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1840-6979
Boateng, Paul
Duah-Quashie, Nancy Odurowah
Peprah, Nana Yaw
Asamoah, Alexander
Matrevi, Sena Adzoa
Idun-Acquah, Joel
Amoako, Eunice Obeng
Baafi, Esther
Gyekye, Emmanuel
Amankrah-Yeboah, Nelly
Logonia, Bernard
Bruku, Selassie
Tandoh, Kwesi
Quashie, Neils
Owusu-Antwi, Felicia
Koram, Kwadwo Ansah
Abiwu, Paul Hilarius
Malm, Keziah Laurencia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Agency for International Development (USAID - 72064123CA0007)
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
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Article History
Received: 13 March 2026
Accepted: 11 June 2026
First Online: 3 July 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (NMIMR-IRB CPN 087/23-24), and the Ethics Review Committee of the Ghana Health Service (GHS-ERC: 025/05/24). The study was retrospectively registered under the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry with an identification number PACTR202502791855505. Prior to enrollment, parents/guardians were informed of the objectives, methods, anticipated benefits and potential risks of the study to their children. They were given the opportunity to seek clarifications before signing the written informed consent form.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
