Ali, Ali O.
Khatib, Bakar O.
Ali, Khadija F.
Massoud, Fatma A.
Khatib, Talib S.
Rashid, Moza K.
Gowelo, Steven
Shija, Shija J.
Omar, Kali A.
Kombo, Makame M.
Joseph, Joseph Joachim
Govella, Nicodem J.
Lobo, Neil F.
Article History
Received: 13 March 2026
Accepted: 17 June 2026
First Online: 20 June 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the Ministry of Health Zanzibar (MoHZ), and permission was granted to use secondary data from the ZAMEP software and other sources.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.