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Authors
Sidi Omar, Siti Farah Norasyikeen
Ngui, Romano
Jiee, Sam Froze
Lim, Siong Hee
Jinam, Timothy
Chung, Melvin Hsien Liang
Ugak, Micheal Pelitini
Jores, Drend
Divis, Paul Cliff Simon
Lim, Yvonne Ai Lian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
Universiti Malaya
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
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Article History
Received: 6 February 2026
Accepted: 9 July 2026
First Online: 12 July 2026
Declarations
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: This study received approval from the UNIMAS Medical Ethics Committee (FME/24/105). Prior to starting, all participants were briefed on the study’s purpose and procedures. They were assured that the methods posed no inherent risks and that their identities would be kept confidential. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants could withdraw at any point without explanation. Written informed consent was obtained from all individuals, or from their parents or guardians for minors and teenagers. For illiterate participants, verbal consent was obtained, accompanied by a thumbprint. All personal data was kept confidential and limited to the research team, in accordance with legal requirements.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
