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Authors
Kamau, Alice https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9846-5372
Musau, Moses M.
Mturi, Neema
Mohammed, Shebe
Mwambingu, Gabriel
Walumbe, David
Nyaguara, Amek
Williams, Thomas N.
Bejon, Philip
Snow, Robert W.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (303715)
Wellcome Trust (214320)
Wellcome Trust (079080)
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Article History
Received: 6 March 2026
Accepted: 29 July 2026
First Online: 7 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study analysed routinely collected hospital surveillance data. Written informed consent for data collection was obtained at the point of care from parents or legal guardians of children, in line with hospital surveillance procedures. Data used for this analysis were de-identified prior to access by the study team. The hospital surveillance and KHDSS studies were approved by the Kenya Medical Research Institute Scientific Ethics Review Unit (KEMRI/SERU/SSC/1433, KEMRI/SERU/SSC/3057 and KEMRI/SERU/SSC/3149).
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
