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Article History

Received: 16 March 2026

Accepted: 18 August 2026

First Online: 4 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approvals to conduct the research study were sought and obtained from Enugu State Ministry of Health Ethics Committee. The ethical approval numbers were MH/MSD/REC19/063 and MH/MSD/REC21/179. Consent for conduct of the study was sought and obtained from the Local Governments Authorities for each of the study locations. Permission for conduct of the data collection was obtained from the Chief Medical Officers of the selected hospitals. Thereafter, the informed consent of the participants was sought and obtained after the objectives of the study had been thoroughly explained to them. The confidentiality of the respondents was assured; their names and residential address were not taken to minimize confidentiality breach. The right and integrity of the study participants was fully protected, and participation was entirely voluntary. The service of nurses (enrolled nurses, registered nurses, nurse attendants, maternal and health nurses, and midwives) was sought and obtained at the health facilities. They were more familiar with the women and were readily helpful to the study in organizing the women.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.