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Authors
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Taiwan National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 111-2410-H-037-037-MY2)
Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU-TB114007)
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Article History
Received: 24 April 2025
Accepted: 24 July 2025
First Online: 11 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving research study participants were approved by the National Cheng Kung University’s Human Research Ethics Committee (approval number: NCKU HREC-E-111-022-2 on Aug. 31, 2022). Prior to participation, all university students were presented with an online informed consent form via the study website. Participants who voluntarily agreed to take part in the study provided their consent by proceeding with the survey. For the purpose of pre- and post-intervention comparisons, as well as follow-up assessments, participants were asked to provide their student ID numbers. This information was used solely for matching pre-test, post-test, and follow-up data, and was deleted immediately after data comparison to ensure the anonymity and privacy of participants. All data collected during the study were handled with strict confidentiality and in accordance with ethical guidelines.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
